變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Transformer）是利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)來改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置，主要構件是初(chu)級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和鐵(tie)芯（磁(ci)(ci)芯）。主要功能有：電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、電(dian)(dian)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、阻抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)、隔離、穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（磁(ci)(ci)飽和變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）等(deng)(deng)。按用(yong)(yong)途可以分為(wei)(wei)：電(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、整(zheng)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、工(gong)頻試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、音(yin)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、中頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖擊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、互感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)）鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是加強兩個線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)耦合(he)(he)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)減少鐵(tie)內渦流和磁(ci)(ci)滯損(sun)(sun)耗，鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)由(you)(you)涂漆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅鋼(gang)片疊壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而成(cheng)(cheng);兩個線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之間(jian)沒有電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關聯，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)由(you)(you)絕緣銅線(xian)(xian)（或鋁線(xian)(xian)）繞成(cheng)(cheng)。一個線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)交流電(dian)(dian)源稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)初(chu)級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或原線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)），另一個線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)）。實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是很復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不可避(bi)免(mian)地存在銅損(sun)(sun)（線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)阻發熱）、鐵(tie)損(sun)(sun)（鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)發熱）和漏磁(ci)(ci)（經空氣閉合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)感應線(xian)(xian)）等(deng)(deng)，為(wei)(wei)了(le)簡化討(tao)論這里(li)只(zhi)介(jie)紹理(li)想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。理(li)想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件是：忽略(lve)(lve)漏磁(ci)(ci)通，忽略(lve)(lve)原、副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，忽略(lve)(lve)鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗，忽略(lve)(lve)空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)開路原線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流）。例如電(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在滿載(zai)運行(xing)時(shi)（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)輸出額定(ding)功率）即接(jie)近理(li)想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情況。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)photoelectric transducer，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在受到可(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照射后即產生光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)，將光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號轉換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號輸出。它(ta)除(chu)能測(ce)(ce)量(liang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強之(zhi)外(wai)，還能利用光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線的(de)(de)透射、遮擋、反(fan)射、干涉等(deng)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)物理(li)量(liang)，如尺寸(cun)、位移、速度、溫度等(deng)，因而是一種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用極(ji)(ji)廣泛的(de)(de)重要敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)時不與被(bei)測(ce)(ce)對象直接接觸，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束的(de)(de)質量(liang)又(you)近似為零，在測(ce)(ce)量(liang)中不存(cun)在摩擦(ca)和(he)(he)對被(bei)測(ce)(ce)對象幾乎不施加壓力。因此在許(xu)多(duo)應(ying)用場合，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比其(qi)他(ta)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)優越性。其(qi)缺(que)點是在某些(xie)應(ying)用方面，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)價格較貴，并(bing)且(qie)對測(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)要求(qiu)較高。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍增管。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)勢壘效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二極(ji)(ji)管和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三極(ji)(ji)管(見半導體光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)元(yuan)件(jian))。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)側向(xiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)反(fan)轉光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二極(ji)(ji)管。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還可(ke)按(an)信號形(xing)式(shi)分為模擬式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)數字(zi)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、固(gu)體圖(tu)像傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)

溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥是一(yi)種液(ye)壓(ya)壓(ya)力控制閥，在液(ye)壓(ya)設(she)備(bei)中(zhong)主要(yao)起定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，穩壓(ya)，系(xi)統(tong)卸荷(he)和(he)安全保(bao)護作用(yong)(yong)。溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥在裝(zhuang)配或(huo)使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，由于O形密封圈、組合密封圈的(de)損壞，或(huo)者安裝(zhuang)螺釘、管(guan)接頭的(de)松動(dong)(dong)，都(dou)可能造(zao)成不應有(you)的(de)外泄漏。液(ye)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)容易產(chan)生(sheng)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)元件一(yi)般認為(wei)是泵(beng)(beng)和(he)閥，閥中(zhong)又以(yi)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥和(he)電磁(ci)換向(xiang)閥等(deng)為(wei)主。產(chan)生(sheng)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)因(yin)素很多(duo)。溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)機械(xie)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)二種。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)主要(yao)由油液(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)、空穴(xue)以(yi)及液(ye)壓(ya)沖擊等(deng)原因(yin)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。機械(xie)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)主要(yao)由閥中(zhong)零件的(de)撞擊和(he)磨擦等(deng)原因(yin)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)(yong)：在定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)泵(beng)(beng)節(jie)(jie)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)調節(jie)(jie)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)泵(beng)(beng)提供的(de)是恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)。當系(xi)統(tong)壓(ya)力增(zeng)大時，會使流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)需求減小(xiao)。此時溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥開啟(qi)，使多(duo)余流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)溢(yi)(yi)回(hui)油箱，保(bao)證溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥進口壓(ya)力，即泵(beng)(beng)出口壓(ya)力恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)（閥口常隨壓(ya)力波動(dong)(dong)開啟(qi)）。在先導型溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥發出的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)，有(you)時會有(you)機械(xie)性的(de)高(gao)頻振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，一(yi)般稱它為(wei)自激振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。這(zhe)是主閥和(he)導閥因(yin)高(gao)頻振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)而發生(sheng)的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音。它的(de)發生(sheng)率與回(hui)油管(guan)道(dao)的(de)配置、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)、壓(ya)力、油溫(wen)（粘度(du)）等(deng)因(yin)素有(you)關(guan)。一(yi)般情況下，管(guan)道(dao)口徑小(xiao)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)少、壓(ya)力高(gao)、油液(ye)粘度(du)低，自激振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)發生(sheng)率就(jiu)高(gao)

計算機(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)計算機(ji)(ji)或計算機(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)終端之(zhi)間的(de)數據(ju)(ju)傳送可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)和并行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)二(er)種(zhong)方式。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)方式具有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)線路(lu)(lu)少、成本低(di)，特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)遠程(cheng)傳輸時(shi)，避免了(le)多條(tiao)線路(lu)(lu)特性的(de)不一(yi)(yi)致而被(bei)廣泛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)時(shi)，要(yao)求通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)雙方都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)，使(shi)不同 的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)方便地連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)起來進行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)。 RS-232-C接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)（又稱 EIA RS-232-C）是(shi)目前最常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)。它(ta)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)1970年由(you)美國電(dian)子(zi)工業(ye)協會（EIA）聯合貝爾(er)系統(tong)、 調(diao)制解(jie)(jie)調(diao)器(qi)廠(chang)家(jia)及(ji)計算機(ji)(ji)終端生產(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)共同制定的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)的(de)標(biao) 準(zhun)(zhun)。它(ta)的(de)全(quan)(quan)名(ming)是(shi)“數據(ju)(ju)終端設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)（DTE）和數據(ju)(ju)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)（DCE）之(zhi)間 串(chuan)行(xing)二(er)進制數據(ju)(ju)交(jiao)換(huan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)技(ji)術標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)”該標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)25個(ge)(ge)腳的(de) DB25連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)，對(dui)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)的(de)每個(ge)(ge)引腳的(de)信(xin)號內容加(jia)以(yi)規(gui)定，還(huan)對(dui)各種(zhong)信(xin) 號的(de)電(dian)平加(jia)以(yi)規(gui)定。以(yi)往，PC與(yu)(yu)智能設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)多借助(zhu)RS232、RS485、以(yi)太網(wang)等(deng)(deng)方式，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)規(gui)范(fan)。但(dan)RS232、RS485只(zhi)(zhi)能代表通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)的(de)物理介質(zhi)層(ceng)和鏈(lian)路(lu)(lu)層(ceng)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)要(yao)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)數據(ju)(ju)的(de)雙向訪(fang)問(wen)，就必(bi)須自(zi)己編寫(xie)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)序，但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)程(cheng)序多數都不能符合ISO/OSI的(de)規(gui)范(fan)，只(zhi)(zhi)能實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)較(jiao)單一(yi)(yi)的(de)功能，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)單一(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)類(lei)型，程(cheng)序不具備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性。在(zai)(zai)RS232或RS485設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)聯成的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)網(wang)中，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)數量超過(guo)2臺，就必(bi)須使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)RS485做通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)介質(zhi)，RS485網(wang)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)間要(yao)想互通(tong)(tong)信(xin)息只(zhi)(zhi)有通(tong)(tong)過(guo)“主(zhu)(zhu)（Master）”設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)中轉才能實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)PC，而這(zhe)種(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)網(wang)中只(zhi)(zhi)允許(xu)存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，其余全(quan)(quan)部是(shi)從（Slave）設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。而現(xian)(xian)場總線技(ji)術是(shi)以(yi)ISO/OSI模型為基礎的(de)，具有完整的(de)軟件支持系統(tong)，能夠解(jie)(jie)決(jue)總線控(kong)制、沖突(tu)檢測、鏈(lian)路(lu)(lu)維護等(deng)(deng)問(wen)題(ti).

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)設備，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)控(kong)(kong)制流體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)化基礎元件(jian)，屬(shu)于執行(xing)器，并(bing)不(bu)限于液壓、氣(qi)動(dong)。用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)調整介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向、流量、速度(du)和(he)(he)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以(yi)配合(he)(he)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路來(lai)實現預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制，而控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)和(he)(he)靈活(huo)(huo)性都能夠保證。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有很多(duo)種(zhong)，不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同位(wei)(wei)置發(fa)揮作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)單向閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、安全閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、方(fang)向控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、速度(du)調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)里(li)有密閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang)，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同位(wei)(wei)置開(kai)有通(tong)(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)，每個(ge)孔(kong)(kong)連(lian)接(jie)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)管(guan)，腔(qiang)中(zhong)間是(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，兩(liang)(liang)面是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵，哪(na)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵線(xian)圈通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)就(jiu)(jiu)會被吸引(yin)到(dao)哪(na)邊(bian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移動(dong)來(lai)開(kai)啟或(huo)關閉不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)孔(kong)(kong)，而進油(you)孔(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)常開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓油(you)就(jiu)(jiu)會進入不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)管(guan)，然后(hou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力來(lai)推動(dong)油(you)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)又帶(dai)動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)帶(dai)動(dong)機(ji)械裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。這樣通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)(tong)(tong)斷就(jiu)(jiu)控(kong)(kong)制了機(ji)械運(yun)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)組成(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)包含(han)(han)一(yi)個(ge)或(huo)幾(ji)個(ge)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。當線(xian)圈通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)轉將(jiang)導致(zhi)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)被切(qie)斷，以(yi)達到(dao)改(gai)變流體(ti)(ti)(ti)方(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)部件(jian)由(you)固(gu)定鐵芯(xin)、動(dong)鐵芯(xin)、線(xian)圈等部件(jian)組成(cheng)；閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部分由(you)滑(hua)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯(xin)、滑(hua)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套、彈簧(huang)底座等組成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈被直(zhi)接(jie)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)被封閉在(zai)(zai)密封管(guan)中(zhong)，構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)簡潔、緊湊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)(he)。我們在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有二(er)位(wei)(wei)三(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)、二(er)位(wei)(wei)四通(tong)(tong)(tong)、二(er)位(wei)(wei)五(wu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)等。這里(li)先(xian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)二(er)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)義：對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于所(suo)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)和(he)(he)關。

SCHUNK雄克    備件    301481
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸(夾爪)    PGN-plus 200-1/ID:0371105
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0371102_PGN-PLUS100-1
SCHUNK雄克    汽缸    302132
SCHUNK雄克    備件    HG-GWB44
SCHUNK雄克    刀爪（刀庫）    Nr. 30061439
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    340061
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    SRH+20-S-M8;359446
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0371401  PGN+80-1
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸(夾抓)    PGN+200/1  371105
SCHUNK雄克    抓手    MPG40  30009623
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN+125/1AS.371403
SCHUNK雄克    限位開關    KA BW08-L 3P-0500-NPN 9641116
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0305511
SCHUNK雄克    前抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    MMS 22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    30030953
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0370100
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Description:PZV 64 ID:0304000
SCHUNK雄克    solenoid switch    0301370
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    p/n：354510
SCHUNK雄克    后垂直移動氣缸    LM 100-H100/125
SCHUNK雄克    插頭    9935815
SCHUNK雄克    cylinder    SRU+40-W-180-3-8-M8 362224
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SRH+20-S 359446
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-125/2  AS 370453
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    GSM-P-32-AS-S-180  303931
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    0371103 PGN-plus-125-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    302452   SWK-150   0850ZSD000
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG 20 訂貨號：340009
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZB+100-1IS 305174
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    ACE-Z-050  324452
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    FPS-S13  訂貨號0301705
SCHUNK雄克    二指平動機械手    MPG-PLUS 15
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN64/1  370100
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PZN-PLUS160
SCHUNK雄克    備件    899999
SCHUNK雄克    備件    5523132 MMSK 22-S-PNP-5m cable
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMSK22-2-NPN-SA
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMSK22-S-PNP 5523132
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    氣缸PZN160/1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301578 IN 80/S-M12
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    INK 80/S m8
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    DPG-100/1S(370263)
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    300349PZB160
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MCS12   0307010
SCHUNK雄克    平行氣爪    PGN50-1 370099
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GWB-54
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SRU50.2-180-3
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    206436
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    微夾鉗氣缸    PGN-PLUS-50-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    附件    型號:PGN-plus 200-2 AS
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    INW40  301504
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP-240-EN
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    362245  SRU+40+VM
SCHUNK雄克    三指夾爪    MPZ 20
SCHUNK雄克    鎖緊螺母    T20057263  K1597639
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS-P 22-S-M8-PNP (0301370)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS-P 22-S-M8-PNP  0301370
SCHUNK雄克    氣動盤    DPG+125-2-KVZ
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    GJZ160-1 0308960
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    MPG-32/340011
SCHUNK雄克    刀爪（刀庫）    Nr. 30061440
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PWG 230-B 30031109
SCHUNK雄克    傾斜頭    SRH PLUS-M12-A(0359297)
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN+200/2 AS 371455
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PGN 50-1  370399
SCHUNK雄克    控制器    0307010 MCS-12 F EGN/EZN
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-Plus-50-1-AS 0371399
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    ID:0208144
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG40 340012
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    88022309
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PZN-plus 240-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS100-1 ID:0371102
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PZN-PLUS 64-1-AS   0303510
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0314094 LM 300-H275
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SWS-011A15  9936356
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 80 0371101
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GZB-S20/14
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉夾爪    0313313 RP-2128-Z
SCHUNK雄克    夾緊氣缸    DPG+200/1AS（304363）
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    301045（舊號301445）
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    LGR10 0312970
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301474
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    308651 JGP 125-1 AS
SCHUNK雄克    機器人手爪插頭    9120-R26-T
SCHUNK雄克    插座接頭    9935819
SCHUNK雄克    備件    E101 25/2×32×50
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PINZA 2 GRIFFE PARALLELE 305521
SCHUNK雄克    發電機主碳刷    A24X 20*40*100
SCHUNK雄克    接地碳刷    S13/F19 8×20×50
SCHUNK雄克    快換夾頭    SWA-071-000-000    302371
SCHUNK雄克    備件    LAUMHFS3-80-2  VDI30
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    413.9100.738 MX1316.301032MMS22-SPM8G44
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZN PLUS 80-1/IS=303541
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GJZ160-1
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN+64-1  371090
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+200-1(ID:0371105)
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0207933
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0205281
SCHUNK雄克    電刷    B14Z1
SCHUNK雄克    INSERTION UNIT    450071
SCHUNK雄克    后抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    HSK-A63  0204058
SCHUNK雄克    電磁開關    IN 80-S-M8（301478）
SCHUNK雄克    卡盤    TPS200-52
SCHUNK雄克    備件    RM15  NR.0313001
SCHUNK雄克    夾持器    PZN+64-1-AS  0303510
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Nr.9641211
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    INW80/O-M12 (301518)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    30063036
SCHUNK雄克    備件    9936162 DSV-G8-8
SCHUNK雄克    信號線    M16 /KV-5-DDF-R-10 5m
SCHUNK雄克    氣動手指    PZN-PLUS64-1
SCHUNK雄克    勵磁機刷握鉸鏈夾具    06.23.1089.60
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN64/2 0370150
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    MMSK22-S
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0340009 MPG20
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301248
SCHUNK雄克    solenoid switch    0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Parallelgreifer PGN-plus 50-2
SCHUNK雄克    氣動盤    0304348
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    dwg100 30010013
SCHUNK雄克    備件    DOUB. PAR GRIPP.MPG 40 0340012 SCHUNK雄克 SC
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG 40-AS
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    RH905 Ident-NO:360110
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS 125-1-AS 0371403
SCHUNK雄克    備件    391469
SCHUNK雄克    適配器    GWA125/302525/48678
SCHUNK雄克    氣壓缸    PWG130B
SCHUNK雄克    備件    B26451
SCHUNK雄克    力傳感器    FMS-ZBA 100 301836
SCHUNK雄克    備件    訂貨號300610   型號：PZN64-1AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0302611 PWG 40-S
SCHUNK雄克    電器件    in60/s-m8 Angevin:10000182/1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGF 80 AF 340371
SCHUNK雄克    電纜    31000750
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    304357  DPG+160-2AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 22-S-M5-PNP-SA-EX 0301320
SCHUNK雄克    抓手    JGP 125-1    0308650
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0370104
SCHUNK雄克    接頭    9935816
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    MPG-plus-32
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    JGP125-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    平行夾具    340012  MPG40
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    FPS-S13  訂貨號0301705
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS  125-2-AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS-300-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-SPM8
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZB-plus 125-2
SCHUNK雄克    備件    JGZ240-1 370987
SCHUNK雄克    氣動手指    PZN-PLUS64-1
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    0303311 PZN+80-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0008794XMMS22-SPM80301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301033 MMS22-S-M8-NPN
SCHUNK雄克    開關    301478
SCHUNK雄克    行夾    PGN-PLUS100-1(0371102)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PFH50  0302050
SCHUNK雄克    備件    39303060  KGG 80-30 V
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN-plus 125-1 0371103
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-PLUS200-1-AS-KVZ
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN+125/1
SCHUNK雄克    防水插頭（公）    KAS-26B-K-90-C
SCHUNK雄克(ke)    備件    0304421  DPZ+80-1

SCHUNK雄克夾爪氣缸PGN+125/1翊霈供應

SCHUNK雄克夾爪氣缸PGN+125/1翊霈供應