互感器又稱為儀用變壓器，是電流互感器和電壓互感器的統稱。能將高電壓變成低電壓、大電流變成小電流，用于量測或保護系統。其功能主要是將高電壓或大電流按比例變換成標準低電壓（100V）或標準小電流（5A或1A，均指額定值），以便實現測量儀表、保護設備及自動控制設備的標準化、小型化。同時互感器還可用來隔開高電壓系統，以保證人身和設備的安全。
在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變流變壓和電氣隔離的作用。
 顯示儀表大部分是指針式的電流電壓表，所以電流互感器的二次電流大多數是安培級的（如5等）。隨著時代發展，電量測量大多已經達到數字化，而計算機的采樣的信號一般為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微型電流互感器二次電流為毫安級，主要起大互感器與采樣之間的橋梁作用。微型電流互感器稱之為“儀用電流互感器”。（“儀用電流互感器”有一層含義是在實驗室使用的多電流比精密電流互感器，一般用于擴大儀表量程。）
電(dian)流互感器(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理線路圖微型電(dian)流互感器(qi)與變壓器(qi)類似也(ye)是(shi)根(gen)據電(dian)磁感應原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理工(gong)作(zuo)，變壓器(qi)變換的是(shi)電(dian)壓而(er)微型電(dian)流互感器(qi)變換的是(shi)電(dian)流罷了。繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組N1接被測(ce)電(dian)流，稱為一次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組（或原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)邊繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組、初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組）；繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組N2接測(ce)量儀(yi)表(biao)，稱為二次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組（或副邊繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組、次(ci)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組）。

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Transformer）是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置，主要構件是(shi)初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、次(ci)級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和鐵(tie)芯（磁(ci)芯）。主要功能有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、阻抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、隔離(li)、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（磁(ci)飽和變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）等。按(an)用途可以分為(wei)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、整流(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、工(gong)頻(pin)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦用變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、音頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、中頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖(chong)擊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、互感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等）鐵(tie)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)加強(qiang)兩個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)耦合。為(wei)了減少鐵(tie)內(nei)渦流(liu)和磁(ci)滯損耗，鐵(tie)心由涂漆的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅鋼片疊(die)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)成;兩個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之間(jian)沒(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關聯，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)由絕緣(yuan)銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（或(huo)鋁線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）繞成。一個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源稱(cheng)為(wei)初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或(huo)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)），另一個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)為(wei)次(ci)級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或(huo)副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)）。實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)很(hen)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不可避免地存在(zai)銅(tong)損（線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻發(fa)熱(re)）、鐵(tie)損（鐵(tie)心發(fa)熱(re)）和漏磁(ci)（經空氣閉(bi)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)感應線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）等，為(wei)了簡(jian)化討論這里只介紹理想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。理想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成立的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件是(shi)：忽略(lve)(lve)漏磁(ci)通，忽略(lve)(lve)原(yuan)、副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，忽略(lve)(lve)鐵(tie)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗，忽略(lve)(lve)空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)開路原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)滿載(zai)運行時（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)輸出額定功率）即接近理想變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情況。

計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)與計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)或計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)與終(zhong)端之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)傳送可以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)和并行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)二種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。由于(yu)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)具(ju)有使用(yong)(yong)線路少、成本低，特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)遠程(cheng)傳輸時(shi)，避免了多(duo)條(tiao)線路特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)不一(yi)致而被(bei)廣泛采用(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)時(shi)，要求通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)雙方(fang)(fang)都采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)標準(zhun)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，使不同(tong)(tong) 的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可以(yi)方(fang)(fang)便地連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)來進(jin)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。 RS-232-C接(jie)(jie)口(kou)（又稱 EIA RS-232-C）是(shi)目前最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)。它是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1970年由美(mei)國電子工業協(xie)會(hui)（EIA）聯(lian)(lian)合貝爾系統(tong)、 調制解調器廠家及計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)終(zhong)端生產廠家共同(tong)(tong)制定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)串(chuan)行(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)標 準(zhun)。它的(de)(de)(de)全名是(shi)“數(shu)據(ju)終(zhong)端設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)（DTE）和數(shu)據(ju)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)（DCE）之間(jian) 串(chuan)行(xing)二進(jin)制數(shu)據(ju)交(jiao)換接(jie)(jie)口(kou)技(ji)術標準(zhun)”該標準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)25個(ge)(ge)(ge)腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de) DB25連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器，對連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器的(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)引腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)信號內(nei)容加以(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，還(huan)對各種信 號的(de)(de)(de)電平加以(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。以(yi)往，PC與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)多(duo)借助RS232、RS485、以(yi)太網等方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，主(zhu)要取決(jue)于(yu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)。但(dan)RS232、RS485只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)代表通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)物理介(jie)質(zhi)層和鏈(lian)路層，如果(guo)要實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)雙向訪問(wen)，就(jiu)必(bi)須自己編寫(xie)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)，但(dan)這(zhe)種程(cheng)序(xu)多(duo)數(shu)都不能(neng)(neng)(neng)符合ISO/OSI的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)，只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)現(xian)較單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)單一(yi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)類型，程(cheng)序(xu)不具(ju)備(bei)(bei)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)RS232或RS485設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)聯(lian)(lian)成的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)網中(zhong)，如果(guo)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)數(shu)量超(chao)過2臺，就(jiu)必(bi)須使用(yong)(yong)RS485做通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)介(jie)質(zhi)，RS485網的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)間(jian)要想互(hu)通(tong)信息只(zhi)有通(tong)過“主(zhu)（Master）”設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)中(zhong)轉才能(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)現(xian)，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)通(tong)常是(shi)PC，而這(zhe)種設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)網中(zhong)只(zhi)允(yun)許存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，其余全部是(shi)從（Slave）設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。而現(xian)場總(zong)線技(ji)術是(shi)以(yi)ISO/OSI模型為基礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)，具(ju)有完整的(de)(de)(de)軟件支(zhi)持系統(tong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠解決(jue)總(zong)線控制、沖突檢測、鏈(lian)路維護等問(wen)題.

電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)用電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業設備，是(shi)用來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)基(ji)礎元(yuan)件(jian)，屬于(yu)執行器，并不(bu)限于(yu)液(ye)壓、氣動(dong)(dong)。用在(zai)工業控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統中(zhong)調整介(jie)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)、流(liu)(liu)量、速度和其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數(shu)。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以(yi)配合不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)來實現預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，而(er)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度和靈(ling)活(huo)性都能夠保證。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)很(hen)多種，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置發揮(hui)作用，最常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)單向(xiang)(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、安全閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、方向(xiang)(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、速度調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)里(li)有(you)密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)腔，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置開(kai)有(you)通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)，每個孔(kong)(kong)連(lian)接不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油管(guan)，腔中(zhong)間是(shi)活(huo)塞，兩面(mian)是(shi)兩塊(kuai)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)，哪(na)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)線(xian)圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)就會(hui)被吸引到哪(na)邊，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)來開(kai)啟或關閉不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)油孔(kong)(kong)，而(er)進油孔(kong)(kong)是(shi)常(chang)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，液(ye)壓油就會(hui)進入不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)油管(guan)，然(ran)后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力來推動(dong)(dong)油缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)塞，活(huo)塞又帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞桿，活(huo)塞桿帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)械裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。這樣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)斷就控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)了機(ji)械運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)由(you)(you)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈和磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)包含一個或幾個孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。當(dang)線(xian)圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)或斷電(dian)時，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)轉(zhuan)將導(dao)致流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或被切斷，以(yi)達到改變流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)部件(jian)由(you)(you)固(gu)定鐵(tie)芯、動(dong)(dong)鐵(tie)芯、線(xian)圈等部件(jian)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部分由(you)(you)滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯、滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套、彈(dan)簧(huang)底(di)座等組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈被直接安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)被封(feng)閉在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)管(guan)中(zhong)，構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一個簡潔、緊湊(cou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)合。我們(men)在(zai)生產中(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)二(er)(er)位(wei)(wei)(wei)三通(tong)(tong)、二(er)(er)位(wei)(wei)(wei)四通(tong)(tong)、二(er)(er)位(wei)(wei)(wei)五通(tong)(tong)等。這里(li)先說說二(er)(er)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含義(yi)：對于(yu)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來說就是(shi)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)和失電(dian)，對于(yu)所(suo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門來說就是(shi)開(kai)和關。

球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(ball valve ），啟閉件（球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)體）由閥(fa)(fa)(fa)桿帶動(dong)，并繞球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)軸線作(zuo)(zuo)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)。亦可用(yong)(yong)于流(liu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節與控制，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)硬(ying)(ying)密(mi)封V型(xing)(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)其(qi)(qi)V型(xing)(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)芯與堆焊硬(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬閥(fa)(fa)(fa)座之間具(ju)有很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)剪切(qie)力(li)，特(te)別(bie)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于含纖維、微(wei)小固體顆料(liao)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質(zhi)。而(er)(er)(er)多(duo)通球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)管(guan)道上(shang)不僅(jin)可靈活控制介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)流(liu)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)、及流(liu)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)換，同(tong)時也可關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉任一(yi)通道而(er)(er)(er)使(shi)另外兩(liang)個通道相連。本類閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)在(zai)管(guan)道中(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)應(ying)當水(shui)平安裝(zhuang)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)按(an)照驅動(dong)方式分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)：氣動(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，電動(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，手動(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)管(guan)路中(zhong)主要用(yong)(yong)來(lai)做切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)配和(he)改變介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)方向，它只(zhi)需要用(yong)(yong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)90度的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)力(li)矩就能(neng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉嚴密(mi)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)最(zui)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)做開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，V型(xing)(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)。電動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)除應(ying)注意(yi)管(guan)道參數外，尚應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注意(yi)其(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件，由于電動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)裝(zhuang)置是(shi)一(yi)機電設備，其(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)狀(zhuang)態受其(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響很大。通常狀(zhuang)態下，電動(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蝶閥(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)以下環(huan)境(jing)(jing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要特(te)別(bie)注意(yi)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)長(chang)期以來(lai)受物料(liao)沖刷(shua)，產生(sheng)摩擦(ca)，造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)磨損(sun)，不能(neng)滿足正常生(sheng)產，同(tong)時造(zao)成(cheng)了設備使(shi)用(yong)(yong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)縮(suo)短。當下針對球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)磨損(sun)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)磨材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，如(ru)陶瓷(ci)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，高分(fen)(fen)(fen)子復(fu)合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)等方法，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有技術(shu)體系。高分(fen)(fen)(fen)子材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)具(ju)有優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)著性(xing)能(neng)，*耐(nai)磨性(xing)能(neng)，安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決了金(jin)屬經常磨損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊(bi)端，確保了企業設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常生(sheng)產。而(er)(er)(er)且材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)*的(de)(de)(de)(de)陶瓷(ci)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面強化劑，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)在(zai)最(zui)惡(e)劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)干磨環(huan)境(jing)(jing)里耐(nai)磨和(he)抗物理沖擊(ji)性(xing)能(neng)優于任何鋼鐵(tie)甚至超過瓷(ci)磚，產品(pin)與煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不親和(he)性(xing)能(neng)是(shi)防止(zhi)積(ji)煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理想(xiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)。

開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)詞語解釋為(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)啟和關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉。它還是指(zhi)一(yi)個可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)斷或(huo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其流(liu)(liu)到其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)。最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)是讓人操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)個或(huo)數(shu)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)“閉合”（closed）表(biao)(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過；開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)“開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)”（open）表(biao)(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)形(xing)成開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)，不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過。最(zui)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)二片名叫“觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)”的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)，二觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)形(xing)成回(hui)路(lu)，二觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)。選(xuan)用接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)需(xu)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)其對(dui)抗腐蝕的(de)(de)程(cheng)度，因為(wei)大多數(shu)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)氧化(hua)后會(hui)形(xing)成絕緣的(de)(de)氧化(hua)物，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)無法正常工作(zuo)(zuo)。選(xuan)用接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)需(xu)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率、硬度、機(ji)械強度、成本及是否有(you)(you)毒等因素。有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍抗腐蝕金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)。一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)鍍在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面，以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免因氧化(hua)物而影響其性能。有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面也(ye)(ye)會(hui)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)，如導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)塑膠。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)除了接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)之外，也(ye)(ye)會(hui)有(you)(you)可(ke)動件(jian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)依可(ke)動件(jian)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)為(wei)分為(wei)杠桿開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)（Toggle switch）、按鍵(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、船(chuan)型開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)（Rocker switch）等，而可(ke)動件(jian)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是其他型式的(de)(de)機(ji)械連(lian)桿。延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)是使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器安裝于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)之中(zhong)(zhong)，延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)一(yi)種開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)又分為(wei)聲控延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、光(guang)控延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、觸(chu)(chu)摸式延(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)等。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)物體導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)被廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查與(yu)接地(di)(di)工(gong)程竣(jun)工(gong)驗(yan)等(deng)場(chang)合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)種類比較多(duo)，包(bao)(bao)括接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、表(biao)面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)及回(hui)(hui)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查與(yu)接地(di)(di)工(gong)程竣(jun)工(gong)驗(yan)收*的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具。包(bao)(bao)括接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、表(biao)面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)及回(hui)(hui)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。回(hui)(hui)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（變壓(ya)器回(hui)(hui)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)）適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高低壓(ya)開關的(de)(de)(de)主觸頭接觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，高低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 纜(lan)線路的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)等(deng)。智(zhi)能(neng)回(hui)(hui)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)100A恒流(liu)輸出。高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達10V（常規儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)2-3倍）可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)載面(mian)細的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)線，大大減輕了現場(chang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人員的(de)(de)(de)勞動強度(du)。測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過程全(quan)(quan)部(bu)由單片控制(zhi)自動實(shi)施，精(jing)度(du)高，復測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)性好(hao)，單按鍵操作，簡(jian)單易行(xing)，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)據(ju)液晶顯示。適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于不同的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作環境。接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)，進年來(lai)由于計(ji)算機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展，因此接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也滲透了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)微處理機(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)功能(neng)，內容與(yu)精(jing)度(du)是一(yi)般儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器所不能(neng)相比的(de)(de)(de)。

SCHUNK雄克    備件    PAD2/ST6500 PGN-PLUS 80 1371101
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    HWA40 30032891
SCHUNK雄克    備件    IN 40-S-M8
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SWA-110-000-000
SCHUNK雄克    氣閥    0403131 SDV-P 07， DRUCKERHAL-
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0371101 PGN+80-1
SCHUNK雄克    機械手氣缸    PGN+125-2 AS   371453
SCHUNK雄克    Cylinder    MPG40 340012
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 22S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    371401
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG40AS 340042
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    0308601
SCHUNK雄克    備件    E2E-X2D1-Nx2
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN 80-1 0370101
SCHUNK雄克    備件    307149
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    30053273
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    IN80/SM8 0301478
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    JGP 240-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+200-2-AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    貨號355521   旋轉手指GFS32 90° l
SCHUNK雄克    three-finger gripper    303614
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    DPG+100-1AS(13600KG)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0303036  BSWS-A300
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    GSM-P-32-AS-S-180  303931
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301032 MMS 22-SPM8
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    AGE-XY-080
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    E49R75 16*25*36
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器延長線    KA BW 08-L 4P-0500
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    MMSK22-S-PNP 0301034
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301032MMS22-SPM8  EH4   35
SCHUNK雄克    接觸門鎖    0314181 LMNS 100-W
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301478
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0371401  PGN+80-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    JGZ64-1-IS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    EGN100
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG+40 0305521
SCHUNK雄克    備件    307137
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus-80-2
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    DPG64 0370251
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    300451
SCHUNK雄克    備件    DDF-080-SE   0323280
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MPG40 340012
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    3800539242
SCHUNK雄克    變壓器    SGG-X006
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MPG32 340011
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    340041
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    MMS 22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    銅鋁墊圈    M8   4.1041.002
SCHUNK雄克    SENSOR CABLE    :W3 NPN M12
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG25
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    MMSK22-S-PNP 0301034
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪氣缸    0371401  PGN-PLUS 80-1 AS 1259739
SCHUNK雄克    備件    UWG-32 貨號350 101
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SFL-40-E-90 0304564
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    HOLDER HSK-A63-D25-200L (273 337)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0280174
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301408
SCHUNK雄克    備件    IN60-S-M8-PNP  0301485
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 50-1-IS 371459
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    LGR10 0312970
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-PLUS160-2
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZN-PLUS 40AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 125-1 AS 訂貨號：371403
SCHUNK雄克    備件    JGZ 125-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    0301578 IN 80/S-M12 NHS PNP
SCHUNK雄克    插座接頭    9935819
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZB-80-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MPG 25  3002137
SCHUNK雄克    三爪氣爪    PZB-Plus 64-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN+ 160/1AS  371404
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+64-1-IS  0371094
SCHUNK雄克    電刷    B14Z1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS M8 PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GSM-P 50
SCHUNK雄克    cylinder    KGG-80 340310
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    KSP64
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0308680_JGP_240-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301035 ；MMSK 22-S-NPN
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP 64-1-AS 308621
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PWG60/S 302612
SCHUNK雄克    汽缸    160-1   0371104
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PWG 90-F 302632
SCHUNK雄克    開關    301478
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    HWA-040-000-000
SCHUNK雄克    后抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    備件    9936356
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    0361600  SRU-PLUS 25-W-90-3
SCHUNK雄克    平行夾持器    0303509
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0308650  JGP125-1
SCHUNK雄克    連接電纜    KA BW08-L 3P-0300-PNP（301594）
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    SWA150 302453
SCHUNK雄克    打號氣爪    GP408XN-C
SCHUNK雄克    備件    DDF 2-050-P2-E4 0323056
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    TENDO holder CAT40  Φ 0.5000
SCHUNK雄克    夾抓氣缸    PGN+64-1-AS  371092
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    340061
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    INK 80/S m8
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    MMS22-SPM8 301032
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    E50R72 10*16*32
SCHUNK雄克    減徑套    32-16/207945
SCHUNK雄克    機械手氣缸    340010 MPG 25-2
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    88035168
SCHUNK雄克    焊頭    10354412
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    E50R72
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MALE GRIP.CHANGER SWK-011 0302317
SCHUNK雄克    平行夾抓    0340014
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    NSE138-RF 470150
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    KGG80(340310)
SCHUNK雄克    二指氣爪    KGG 80-30
SCHUNK雄克    備件    300451 DPZ-64
SCHUNK雄克    備件    371092
SCHUNK雄克    備件    RH901-ST10
SCHUNK雄克    防碰撞保護collision    OPS300-VS/321145
SCHUNK雄(xiong)克    液壓刀柄(bing)減徑套D32/18    GZB-S Φ32/Φ18

SCHUNK雄克氣缸KGG80(340310)翊霈代理供應

SCHUNK雄克氣缸KGG80(340310)翊霈代理供應